Engagement and Learning

Engagement reflects the values of communities and defines what is important in school education. Learning is the process by which knowledge and skills are acquired, involving the comprehension of new information and its absorption into long term memory. C4IE engages in teaching and learning research to inform policy and practice, with the aim of enhancing the learning experiences and outcomes of every student. We seek to identify and understand barriers to access with the aim of developing innovative solutions that will benefit all.

Key research areas in the C4IE Engagement and Learning Program include:

  • Interpretations and practices of curriculum, pedagogy, and assessment, nationally and globally
  • Increasing the accessibility of assessment and pedagogy to promote engagement and learning
  • Systems and structures that support all learners
  • Evidence-based approaches to reading instruction and social emotional skill development
  • Learning that connects to culture, community, and country
  • Curricular justice
  • Classroom interactions

Engagement and Learning in C4IE represents a transdisciplinary group of researchers from education, psychology, design and architecture. Education scholars work across Early Childhood, Primary, Secondary and Tertiary education (including Professional Experience) in various disciplines including geography, science, history, TESOL and English, their work spanning rural, remote, regional and metro areas, and international contexts.

Engagement and Learning Program Co-Leaders

Current projects

Recent publications

Student Experience as a Force for Accessibility in Assessment for Learning

Arnold, Julie (2026) Student Experience as a Force for Accessibility in Assessment for Learning. In Graham, Linda, Willis, Jill (Eds.), Accessible Assessment and Pedagogies: Improving Student Outcomes Through Inclusive Practice, pp.322-347.
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The Assessment Crucible Effect

Willis, Jill, Arnold, Julie (2026) The Assessment Crucible Effect. In Graham, Linda, Willis, Jill (Eds.), Accessible Assessment and Pedagogies: Improving Student Outcomes Through Inclusive Practice, pp.166-190.
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Accessible Assessment for Learning (AAfL)

Willis, Jill, Arnold, Julie, Deluca, Christopher, Killingly, Callula (2026) Accessible Assessment for Learning (AAfL). In Graham, Linda, Willis, Jill (Eds.), Accessible Assessment and Pedagogies: Improving Student Outcomes Through Inclusive Practice, pp.267-292.
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Starting With Success Criteria

Willis, Jill, Arnold, Julie (2026) Starting With Success Criteria. In Graham, Linda, Willis, Jill (Eds.), Accessible Assessment and Pedagogies: Improving Student Outcomes Through Inclusive Practice, pp.293-321.
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Teachers Reflecting on Going OK (or Not!)

Willis, Jill, Gibson, Andrew, Arnold, Julie (2026) Teachers Reflecting on Going OK (or Not!). In Graham, Linda, Willis, Jill (Eds.), Accessible Assessment and Pedagogies: Improving Student Outcomes Through Inclusive Practice, pp.351-380.
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Conclusion (Or Is It ...?)

Graham, Linda, Willis, Jill, Arnold, Julie, Killingly, Callula, Maia-Pike, Lara, Tancredi, Haley (2026) Conclusion (Or Is It ...?). In Graham, Linda, Willis, Jill (Eds.), Accessible Assessment and Pedagogies: Improving Student Outcomes Through Inclusive Practice, pp.421-445.
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What Is Accessibility and Why Does It Matter?

Graham, Linda, Killingly, Callula, Tancredi, Haley (2026) What Is Accessibility and Why Does It Matter?. In Graham, Linda J., Willis, Jill (Eds.), Accessible Assessment and Pedagogies: Improving Student Outcomes Through Inclusive Practice, pp.40-63.
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The Process of Accessible Assessment Redesign

Graham, Linda, Killingly, Callula, Willis, Jill (2026) The Process of Accessible Assessment Redesign. In Graham, Linda J., Willis, Jill (Eds.), Accessible Assessment and Pedagogies: Improving Student Outcomes Through Inclusive Practice, pp.97-138.
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Teachers Busting Barriers by Engaging in Accessible Pedagogies

Graham, Linda, Tancredi, Haley, Killingly, Callula (2026) Teachers Busting Barriers by Engaging in Accessible Pedagogies. In Graham, Linda J., Willis, Jill (Eds.), Accessible Assessment and Pedagogies: Improving Student Outcomes Through Inclusive Practice, pp.214-244.
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Introducing the Accessible Assessment ARC Linkage Project

Graham, Linda, Willis, Jill, Killingly, Callula (2026) Introducing the Accessible Assessment ARC Linkage Project. In Graham, Linda J., Willis, Jill (Eds.), Accessible Assessment and Pedagogies: Improving Student Outcomes Through Inclusive Practice, pp.3-39.
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Do Accessible Assessment Task Sheets Work?

Killingly, Callula, Graham, Linda, White, Sonia, Sweller, Naomi (2026) Do Accessible Assessment Task Sheets Work?. In Graham, Linda J., Willis, Jill (Eds.), Accessible Assessment and Pedagogies: Improving Student Outcomes Through Inclusive Practice, pp.139-165.
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Common Barriers That Impact Student Learning

Tancredi, Haley, Graham, Linda, Killingly, Callula (2026) Common Barriers That Impact Student Learning. In Graham, Linda J., Willis, Jill (Eds.), Accessible Assessment and Pedagogies: Improving Student Outcomes Through Inclusive Practice, pp.193-213.
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Understanding Language and Attentional Difficulties

Tancredi, Haley, Graham, Linda, Killingly, Callula, Dixon, Gaenor (2026) Understanding Language and Attentional Difficulties. In Graham, Linda J., Willis, Jill (Eds.), Accessible Assessment and Pedagogies: Improving Student Outcomes Through Inclusive Practice, pp.64-93.
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Did Teachers' Use of Accessible Pedagogies Make Any Difference to Students?

Tancredi, Haley, Graham, Linda, Killingly, Callula, Sweller, Naomi (2026) Did Teachers' Use of Accessible Pedagogies Make Any Difference to Students?. In Graham, Linda J., Willis, Jill (Eds.), Accessible Assessment and Pedagogies: Improving Student Outcomes Through Inclusive Practice, pp.245-264.
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Leveraging Accessibility for Whole School Improvement

Willis, Jill, Graham, Linda, Killingly, Callula (2026) Leveraging Accessibility for Whole School Improvement. In Graham, Linda J., Willis, Jill (Eds.), Accessible Assessment and Pedagogies: Improving Student Outcomes Through Inclusive Practice, pp.381-420.
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Perezhivanie and Multilingual Adolescents' Development of School Belonging in Northern Ireland

Kelly, Ronan, Hou, Heng, Skinner, Barbara, Stewart, Maria (2025) Perezhivanie and Multilingual Adolescents' Development of School Belonging in Northern Ireland. Journal of Language, Identity and Education.

Embodied Stories of Assessment for Learning: How Classroom Spaces Impact Opportunities for Learning and Little Justices

Willis, Jill, Cowie, Bronwen (2025) Embodied stories of assessment for learning: How classroom spaces impact opportunities for learning and little justices. Educational Assessment, 30 (2), pp.73-90.
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An exploratory evaluation of universal social-emotional learning programs delivered during elementary school to Australian students

Carpendale, Emma, Green, Melissa Jayne, Dix, Katherine L., Tzoumakis, Stacy, Williams, Kate, White, Sonia, Carr, Vaughan James, Laurens, Kristin R. (2025) An exploratory evaluation of universal social-emotional learning programs delivered during elementary school to Australian students. Journal of School Psychology, 110, pp.Article number: 101447.
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Designing Inclusive Assessment in Schools: A Guide to Disciplinary and Interdisciplinary Practice

Davis, James P., Adams, Sarah, Challen, Catherine, Bourke, Theresa (Eds.) (2025) Designing Inclusive Assessment in Schools: A Guide to Disciplinary and Interdisciplinary Practice. In Davis, James P., Adams, Sarah, Challen, Catherine, Bourke, Theresa (Eds.).
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Daily Discourse: Empowering every student in mathematics through Assessment for Learning

Challen, Catherine, Strong, Sarah (2025) Daily Discourse: Empowering every student in mathematics through Assessment for Learning. In Davis, James P., Adams, Sarah, Challen, Catherine, Bourke, Theresa (Eds.), Designing Inclusive Assessment in Schools: A Guide to Disciplinary and Interdisciplinary Practice, pp.39-49.
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Involving Families: Lessons from updating Australia's approved learning framework

Hadley, Fay, Harrison, Linda, Lavina, Leanne, Barblett, Lennie, Irvine, Susan, Bobongie-Harris, Francis, Cartmel, Jennifer (2025) Involving Families: Lessons from updating Australia's approved learning framework. In Ward, Ute (Ed.), Supporting Early Childhood Practice Through Difficult Times: Looking Towards a Better Future, pp.108-121.
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Designing inclusive Assessment for Learning in English Language Arts

Arnold, Julie, Holden, Michael (2025) Designing inclusive Assessment for Learning in English Language Arts. In Davis, James P., Adams, Sarah, Challen, Catherine, Bourke, Theresa (Eds.), Designing Inclusive Assessment in Schools: A Guide to Disciplinary and Interdisciplinary Practice, pp.27-38.
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Inclusive assessment in action

Adams, Sarah, Challen, Catherine, Davis, James P., Bourke, Theresa (2025) Inclusive assessment in action. In Davis, James P., Adams, Sarah, Challen, Catherine, Bourke, Theresa (Eds.), Designing Inclusive Assessment in Schools: A Guide to Disciplinary and Interdisciplinary Practice, pp.3-11.
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Country, Community, and Indigenous Languages - A Framework Used in an Early Learning Centre in Queensland to Develop Understandings Around First Nations Languages

Bobongie-Harris, Francis, O'Brien, Grace, Priddle, Chelsey, Bobongie, Fiona Mann, Fiaalii, Shanelle (2025) Country, Community, and Indigenous Languages - A Framework Used in an Early Learning Centre in Queensland to Develop Understandings Around First Nations Languages. Australasian Journal of Early Childhood, pp.Article number: 18369391251351652.
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Preparing integrated STEM educators in PNG: the enabling and constraining factors

Readette, Matthew, Kravia, Kainaro, Hagoya, John, Havave, Jonika, DeBritto, Savitha, Ambelye, Jeffrey, Zeming, Agewa, Sakopa, Prisilla, Bourke, Terri, Chandra, Vinesh, et al. (2025) Preparing integrated STEM educators in PNG: the enabling and constraining factors. Discover Education, 4 (1), pp.Article number: 128.
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What we know about peer interaction and sense of belonging for students from culturally and linguistically diverse migrant and refugee backgrounds

Kelly, Ronan, Cunningham, Sam, Wright-Brough, Freya, Huijser, Henk (2025) What we know about peer interaction and sense of belonging for students from culturally and linguistically diverse migrant and refugee backgrounds. Needed Now in Learning and Teaching Newsletter.

Reciprocal relationships among reading and vocabulary over time: a longitudinal study from grade 1 to 5

Killingly, Callula, Graham, Linda, Tancredi, Haley, Snow, Pamela (2024) Reciprocal relationships among reading and vocabulary over time: a longitudinal study from grade 1 to 5. Reading and Writing.
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Thriving in vertical schools: aspirations for inclusion and capability from a salutogenic design perspective

Willis, Jill, Gillett-Swan, Jenna, Franz, Jill, Farahnak Majd, Narges, Carroli, Linda, Gallagher, Jeanine, Bray, Elise (2024) Thriving in vertical schools: aspirations for inclusion and capability from a salutogenic design perspective. Learning Environments Research.
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'More group work would be nice': exploring peer interaction and belonging in the first-year experiences of culturally and linguistically diverse migrant and refugee students

Kelly, Ronan, Cunningham, Sam, Wright-Brough, Freya, Huijser, Henk (2024) 'More group work would be nice': exploring peer interaction and belonging in the first-year experiences of culturally and linguistically diverse migrant and refugee students. Higher Education Research and Development.
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Indigenous higher degree by research students' retention and completion: A scoping review

Baeza, Angela, Xing, Luna, Blue, Levon E., Pham, Thu, Saward, Melanie, Anderson, Peter (2024) Indigenous higher degree by research students' retention and completion: A scoping review. The Australian Educational Researcher.
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La experiencia de vivir y ensenar en una escuela Indígena rural en el Desierto de Atacama: Percepciones de profesores y de la comunidad Atacamena [The experience of living and teaching in a rural Indigenous school in the Atacama Desert: Perceptions of teachers and the Atacameno community]

Baeza, Angela (2024) La experiencia de vivir y ensenar en una escuela Indígena rural en el Desierto de Atacama: Percepciones de profesores y de la comunidad Atacamena [The experience of living and teaching in a rural Indigenous school in the Atacama Desert: Perceptions of teachers and the Atacameno community]. AlterNative, 20 (4), pp.658-669.
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Stakeholder experience evaluating whole-school practice designed to improve educational outcomes for autistic students

McLennan, H., Roberts, J., & Johnson, G (2023) Stakeholder experience evaluating whole-school practice designed to improve educational outcomes for autistic students. Australasian Journal of Special and Inclusive Education.

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An experimental investigation of alternative ideas of force in autistic adolescents

Kaliampos, George, Mavropoulou, Sofia, Kollias, Vasilis, Ravanis, Konstantinos, Vavougios, Denis (2023) An experimental investigation of alternative ideas of force in autistic adolescents. Research in Science Education.
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Accessibility in assessment for learning: sharing criteria for success

Willis, Jill, Arnold, Julie, Deluca, Christopher (2023) Accessibility in assessment for learning: sharing criteria for success. Frontiers in Education, 8, pp.Article number: 1170454.
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Teacher self-efficacy and reform: A systematic literature review

Gordon, Danielle, Blundell, Chris, Mills, Reece, Bourke, Terri (2023) Teacher self-efficacy and reform: A systematic literature review. Australian Educational Researcher, 50, pp.801–821.
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Engaging With Children and Young People About Their School Experience: Co-designing a ‘Talking Tree’ Research Tool to Investigate Why School Works for Some Students, but Not Others

Jenna Gillett-Swan, Abigail Winter, Ana Radovic (2023) Engaging With Children and Young People About Their School Experience: Co-designing a ‘Talking Tree’ Research Tool to Investigate Why School Works for Some Students, but Not Others. Journal of Participatory Research Methods.

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Prioritising students in Assessment for Learning: A scoping review of research on students' classroom experience

Julie Arnold (2022) Prioritising students in Assessment for Learning: A scoping review of research on students' classroom experience. Review of Education.

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Using assistive technology with SRSD to support students on the autism spectrum with persuasive writing

Ozdowska, Anne, Wyeth, Peta, Carrington, Suzanne, Ashburner, Jill (2021) Using assistive technology with SRSD to support students on the autism spectrum with persuasive writing. British Journal of Educational Technology.
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How does initial teacher education research frame the challenge of preparing future teachers for student diversity in schools? A systematic review of literature

Rowan, Leonie, Bourke, Terri, L'Estrange, Lyra, Lunn, Joanne, Ryan, Mary, Walker, Susan, Churchward, Peter (2021) How does initial teacher education research frame the challenge of preparing future teachers for student diversity in schools? A systematic review of literature. Review of Educational Research, 91 (1), pp.112-158.
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