The move towards sustainable construction has spurred interest in nature-inspired, carbon-neutral, and eco-friendly materials. These materials not only help reduce the environmental footprint of buildings and infrastructure but also align with global goals for sustainability and reduced carbon emissions. Here are some of the key types of such materials being explored and used in the construction industry:
Nature-Inspired Materials:
- These materials mimic or are derived from natural processes and structures, harnessing the efficiency and resilience found in nature:
- Biomimetic Materials: Inspired by biological processes, these materials mimic the structure and function of natural materials. For example, self-cleaning surfaces inspired by lotus leaves or lightweight, strong structural materials modelled after the microscopic structure of bones.
- Spider Silk and Other Natural Fibers: Materials like spider silk, which has a higher strength-to-density ratio than steel, are being studied for potential applications in high-strength textiles and composites.
- Techniques involve mimicking natural systems, like forests, for their functions such as storm water management and air filtration.
- ​Embedding biotechnology in construction of key infrastructure not only significantly improve its performance but promote the harmony between human society and the nature.
Carbon-Neutral Materials
These materials aim to achieve net-zero carbon emissions through their lifecycle from production to disposal:
- Low-Carbon Concrete: Traditional cement production is highly carbon-intensive. Alternatives include the use of supplementary cementitious materials like fly ash or slag, which can partially replace Portland cement in concrete, significantly reducing CO2 emissions.
- Carbon-Capturing Materials: Innovations in materials science have led to the development of materials that can absorb more CO2 during their lifecycle than is emitted during their production. For example, certain types of concrete can integrate captured carbon dioxide into their structure, effectively sequestering it.
Eco-Friendly Materials
Eco-friendly materials are designed to have minimal negative environmental impacts, made from renewable resources, and are often recyclable:
- Recycled Materials: Using recycled plastics, glass, or rubber in construction not only reduces waste but also decreases the demand for virgin materials. Recycled plastic, for example, is being used to make durable and water-resistant panels for construction.
- Hempcrete: Made from hemp fibers and lime, hempcrete is a lightweight, insulating material that offers excellent thermal mass, regulating indoor temperatures efficiently.
The Collaborative SECM team is diligently developing a range of pioneering concepts and prototypes aimed at advancing sustainable construction solutions, A selection of their recently published articles that detail these developments is compiled for reference.