The ILAQH has been conducting extensive studies related to infection spread over many years, including responses to the current COVID-19 pandemic. The ILAQH’s work in this field has layed a foundation for the understanding of particles from respiratory activities and infection spread including, the:
- size distribution and origin
- mechanisms of breath from human expirated aerosols
- burden of cough aerosols
- droplet fate in indoor environments and the impact of room ventilation
- risk of airborne infection transmission in indoor environments
- use of face masks
- airborne transmission and estimation of airborne viral emissions.
Publications
Journal Articles (Peer-Reviewed):
To view the complete list of publications on expiratory aerosols and infection spread
- “Targeted reduction of airborne viral transmission risk in residential aged care”. Age and Ageing, Accepted 12 November 2022, In Press
- “Increasing ventilation reduces SARS-CoV-2 airborne transmission in schools: a retrospective cohort study in Italy’s Marche region”. Frontiers in Public Health, 10: 1087087, 2022
- “A multinational Delphi consensus to end the COVID-19 public health threat”. Nature, 611: 332-345, 2022. The paper was accessed over 186,000 times and has an Altmetric score of 5360, making it number 630 of over 22.6 million outputs, and is part of the top 0.1% of all research output ever tracked.
- “Healthy indoor air is our fundamental need: the time to act on this is now”. Medical Journal of Australia, 217(11): 578-581, 2022
- “Age-sex differences in the global burden of lower respiratory infections and risk factors: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019”. The Lancet, 22: 1626-1647, 2022
- “The physics of respiratory particle generation, fate in the air, and inhalation”. Nature Physics Reviews, 4: 723-734, 2022
- “Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Exhaled Breath from COVID-19 Patients Ready for Hospital Discharge”. PrePrint medRxiv, 2022
- “Influence of Indoor Airflow on Particle Spread of a Single Breath and Cough in Enclosures: Does Opening a Window Really ‘Help’?” Atmospheric Pollution Research,13(7): 101473, 2022
- “What Were the Historical Reasons for the Resistance to Recognizing Airborne Transmission during the COVID-19 Pandemic?” Indoor Air, 32: e13070, 2022.
- “Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 airborne Infection transmission risk in Public Buses”. Geosciences Frontiers, 101398, 2022
- “Risk of SARS-CoV-2 in a car cabin assessed through 3D CFD simulations”. Indoor Air, 32: e13012, 2022
- “Increased Close Proximity Airborne Transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant”. Science of the Total Environment, 816: 151499, 2022
- “Link between SARS-CoV-2 emissions and airborne concentrations: closing the gap in understanding”. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 428: 128279, 2022
- “Practical Indicators for Risk of Airborne Transmission in Shared Indoor Environments and their Application to COVID-19 Outbreaks”. Environmental Science & Technology, 56: 1125-1137, 2022.In the first week of its publication, the Altmetric score was the highest ever for any article published in ES&T out of 18,394 outputs. It is also the 2nd “most read” article in the month of January 2022 the 4th most read article from the previous 12 months (13/01/2022)
- “Humidity-Dependent Survival of an Airborne Influenza A Virus: Practical Implications for Controlling Airborne Viruses”. Environmental Science &Technology Letters, 8(5): 412-418, 2021
- “In situ measurements of human cough aerosol hygroscopicity”. Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 18(178): 20210209, 2021
- “A multiscale modeling method incorporating spatial coupling and temporal coupling into transient simulations of the human airways”. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, 93(9): 2905-2920, 2021
- “The Vaccination Threshold for SARS-CoV-2 Depends on the Indoor Setting and Room Ventilation”. BMC Infectious Diseases, 21: 1193, 2021
- “Prevention of SARS‑CoV‑2 (COVID‑19) transmission in residential aged care using ultraviolet light (PETRA): a two‑arm crossover randomised controlled trial protocol”. BMC Infectious Diseases, 21: 967, 2021
- “Respiratory infection risk-based model for estimating ventilation rates”. Building and Environment, 206: 108387, 2021
- “Evaluating the Theoretical Background of STOFFENMANAGER® and the Advanced REACH Tool”. Annals of Work Exposures and Health, wxab057, 2021
- “The Airborne Contagiousness of Respiratory Viruses: A Comparative Analysis and Implications for Mitigation”. Special Issue of Geoscience Frontiers on COVID-19, 101285: 2021
- “The nexus between in-car aerosol concentrations, ventilation and the risk of respiratory infection”. Environment International, 157: 106814, 2021
- “Close proximity risk assessment for SARS-CoV-2 infection” Science of the Total Environment, 794: 148749, 2021
- “Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on air quality of Sri Lankan cities”. International Journal of Environmental Pollution and Remediation, 9: 12-21, 2021
- “Predicting the effect of confinement on the COVID-19 spread using machine learning enriched with satellite air pollution observations”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS), 118(33): e2109098118, 2021
- “Air pollution and COVID-19 – clearing the air and charting a post-pandemic course: a joint workshop report of ERS, ISEE, HEI and WHO”. European Respiratory Journal, 58(2): 2101063, 2021
- “Ventilation procedures to minimize the airborne transmission of viruses at schools submitted”. Building and Environment, 202: 108042, 2021
- “A paradigm shift to combat indoor respiratory infection”. Science, 372(6543): 689-691, 2021. In the top 5% of all research outputs scored by Altmetric (14/05/2021)
- “The physics of particle formation and deposition during breathing”. Nature Reviews Physics, 3: 300-301, 2021
- “Susceptibility of an Airborne Common Cold Virus to Relative Humidity”. Environmental Science & Technology, 55(1): 499-508, 2021
- “Dismantling myths on the airborne transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)” Journal of Hospital Infection, 110: 89-96, 2021. This paper is ranked in the top 5% of all research outputs scored by Altmetric (14/01/2022)
- “Global Air Quality and COVID-19 Pandemic: Do We Breathe Cleaner Air?” Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 21(4): 1-10, 2021
- “A comparison of anaesthetic protective barriers for the management of COVID-19 paediatric patients”. Pediatric Anesthesia, 31(3): 323-329, 2021
- “Daily CO2emission reduction indicates the control of activities to contain COVID-19 in China”. The Innovation, 1(3): 100062, 2021
- “Tracing surface and airborne SARS-CoV-2 RNA inside public buses and subway trains”. Environment International, 147: 106326, 2020
- “Putting a balance on the aerosolization debate around SARS-CoV-2”. Journal of Hospital Infection, 105(3): 569-570, 2020
- “Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 by inhalation of respiratory aerosol in the Skagit Valley Chorale superspreading event”. Indoor Air, 31(2): 314-232, 2020
- “Breath-, air- and surface-borne SARS-CoV-2 in hospitals” Journal of Aerosol Science, 152: 105693, 2021
- “Quantitative assessment of the risk of airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection: prospective and retrospective applications”. Environment International, 145: 106112, 2020
- “COVID-19 patients in earlier stages exhaled millions of SARS-CoV-2 per hour”. Clinical Infectious Diseases, ciaa1283, 2020
- “Evidence Review and Practice Recommendation on the Material, Design and Maintenance of Cloth Masks”. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness,14(5): e42-e46, 2020
- “Reply to Chagla et al., and Thomas (re: It is Time to Address Airborne Transmission of COVID-19)”. Clinical Infectious Diseases, ciaa1118, 2020
- “It is Time to Address Airborne Transmission of COVID-19”. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 71(9): 2311-2313, 2020
- “Low exhaled breath droplet formation may explain why children are poor SARS-CoV-2 transmitters”. Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 20(7): 1513-1515, 2020
- “How can airborne transmission of COVID-19 indoors be minimised?”, Environment International, 142: 105832, 2020
- “Estimation of airborne viral emission: Quanta emission rate of SARS-CoV-2 for infection risk assessment”, Environment International, 141: 105794, 2020
- “Airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2: the world should face the reality”, Environment International, 139: 105730, 2020. This was the most downloaded Environment International article for the month of May 2020. This paper is also ranked in the top 5% of all research outputs scored by Altmetric (14/01/2022)
- “Could Fighting Airborne Transmission be the Next Line of Defence against COVID-19 Spread?”, City and Environment Interactions, 4: 100033, 2019
- “Face masks could raise pollution risks”, Nature Comment, 574: 29-30, 2019
- “P174 High aerosol production of potentially infectious cough aerosols in people with cystic fibrosis during coughing”. Journal of Cystic Fibrosis, 18(1): S106-S107, 2019
- “Indoor hospital air and the impact of ventilation on bioaerosols: a systematic review”, Journal of Hospital Infection, 103: 175-184, 2019
- “Transmission of bacteria in bronchiectasis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: low burden of cough aerosols”, Respirology, 24(10): 980-987, 2019
- “Face Masks and Cough Etiquette Reduce the Cough Aerosol Concentration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in People with Cystic Fibrosis”, American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 197(3): 348-355, 2018
- “Face masks reduce the release of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cough aerosols when worn for clinically relevant time periods”, American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 198(10), 1339-1342, 2018
- “Cystic fibrosis pathogens survive for extended periods within cough generated droplet nuclei”, Thorax: thoraxjnl-2018
- “Surgical space suits increase particle and microbiological emission rates in a simulated surgical environment”, The Journal of Arthroplasty, 33: 1526-1529, 2018
- “Particle and Bioaerosol Characteristics in a Paediatric Intensive Care Unit”, Environmental International, 107: 89-99, 2017
- “Sources and dynamics of fluorescent particles in hospitals”, Indoor Air, 27(5): 988-1000, 2017
- “Population-level genomics identifies the emergence and global spread of a human transmissible multidrug-resistant nontuberculous mycobacterium”, Science, 354(6313): 751-757, 2016
- “A novel method and its application to measuring pathogen decay in bioaerosols from patients with respiratory disease”, PLoS One, 11(7): e0158763. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0158763, 2016
- “Environmental contamination and hospital acquired infection: factors that are easily overlooked”, Indoor Air, 25(5): 462-474, 2015
- “Viability of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in Cough Aerosols Generated by persons with Cystic Fibrosis”, Thorax, 69: 740-745, 2014
- “The risk of airborne influenza transmission in passenger cars”, Epidemiology and Infection, 9: 1-5, 2011
- “Room ventilation and the risk of airborne infection transmission in three health care settings within a large teaching hospital”, American Journal of Infection Control, 39: 866-872, 2011
- “Modality of human expired aerosol size distributions”, Journal of Aerosol Science, 42: 839-851, 2011
- “The Mechanism of Breath Aerosol Formation”, Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery, 22: 229-237, 2009
- “Size distribution and sites of origin of droplets expelled during expiratory activities”, Journal of Aerosol Science, 40: 256-269, 2009
- “Characterization of expiration air jets and droplet size distributions immediately at the mouth opening”, Journal of Aerosol Science, 40: 122 – 133, 2009
- “Cough-generated Aerosols of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other Bacteria from Cystic Fibrosis Patients“. Thorax, 64: 926-931, 2009
- “Droplet Fate in Indoor Environments, Or Can We Prevent the Spread of Infection”, Indoor Air, 16(5): 335-347, 2006
- “New Personal Sampler for Viable Airborne Viruses: Feasibility Study”. Journal of Aerosol Science, 36(5-6): 609-617, 2005
- “Real-time monitoring of viable bioaerosols: Capability of the UVAPS to predict the amount of individual microorganisms in aerosol particles”. Journal of Aerosol Science, 36(5-6): 665-676, 2005
- “Inactivation of viruses in bubbling processes utilized for personal bioaerosol monitoring”. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 70(12): 6963-6967, 2004
- “Monitoring of viable airborne SARS virus in ambient air”. Atmospheric Environment, 38(23): 3879-3884, 2004
- “Performance evaluation of the UVAPS: Sensitivity to physiological age of airborne bacteria and effect of bacterial stress”. Journal of Aerosol Science, 34(12): 1711-1727, 2003
- “Collection of airborne microorganisms into liquid by bubbling through porous medium”. Aerosol Science & Technology, 36: 502-509, 2002
- “Development and evaluation of a new personal sampler for culturable airborne microorganisms”. Atmospheric Environment, 36: 889-898, 2002
Reports:
- “Proposed Non-infectious Air Delivery Rates (NADR) for Reducing Exposure to Airborne Respiratory Infectious Diseases”. The Lancet COVID-19 Commission, Task Force on Safe Work, Safe School, and Safe Travel, November 2022.
- “The First Four Healthy Building Strategies Every Building Should Pursue to Reduce Risk from COVID-19”. The Lancet COVID-19 Commission, Task Force on Safe Work, Safe School, and Safe Travel, July 2022
- “Protecting children from COVID-19 and making schools and childcare safer”. OzSAGE, 1 October 2021
- “Safe Indoor Air (Ventilation) Recommendations”. OzSAGE, 6 September 2021
- “Designing infectious disease resilience into school buildings through improvements to ventilation and air cleaning”. The Lancet COVID-19 Commission, Task Force on Safe Work, Safe School, and Safe Travel, April 2021
- “Building-related risk factors are a critical, but missing, component of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak investigations”. The Lancet COVID-19 Commission, Task Force on Safe Work, Safe School, and Safe Travel. March 2021
- “Six Priority Areas”. The Lancet COVID-19 Commission, Task Force on Safe Work, Safe School, and Safe Travel, February 2021
Editorial Articles, Other Professional Publications:
- “Ventilation reduces the risk of infection: why are we still ignoring it?” The Conversation, published online 1 December 2022
- “A Consensus Statement on SARS-CoV-2 Aerosol Dynamics”, OSF PrePrints Consensus Statement, 2022
- “Pandemic Preparedness – No jobs on a dead planet, no jobs in a sick society”. Australian Fabians Review, 3: 1-6, 2022
- “Improving indoor ventilation: an overlooked COVID infection control strategy”. Croakey, 26 July 2021
- “Australia must get serious about airborne infection transmission. Here’s what we need to do”. The Conversation, 26 July 2021
- Morawska, L. and Marks, G.B. “More testing and surveillance needed for COVID-19”. Croaky, 24 March 2020
Conference Abstract/Items:
- “Factors contributing to limited progress in IAQ management and how to change it: a review. Indoor Air 2022 Conference”, 17th International Conference of the International Society of Indoor Air Quality & Climate, Kuopio, Finland, 12-16 June 2022
- “COVID-19 indoor airborne transmission risk estimation based on practical risk indicators or CO2 level”. AGU Fall Meeting 2021, New Orleans, USA, 13-17 December 2021
Plenary Presentations
Media
Videos
- “Ventilation revolution: reduce the spread of disease to save lives“, Media Release 3 September 2021. To View the Mandarin Version | To View the Arabic Version
- “Ventilation Stops the Spread“, Diffusion Science Radio Interview 11 August 2021
- “Combating airborne viruses indoors“, 2 August 2021
